It can be formed during baking fats that contain linoleic acid . 13-Hydroperoxy-9, 11-octadecadienoic acid and 9-hydroperoxy-10, 12-octadecadienoic acid are intermediates in the process.
2.
It can be formed during baking fats that contain linoleic acid . 13-Hydroperoxy-9, 11-octadecadienoic acid and 9-hydroperoxy-10, 12-octadecadienoic acid are intermediates in the process.
3.
Using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry . ( E, E ) 9, 12-octadecadienoic acid, methyl ester, 9-Octadecenoic acid ( Z )-, methyl ester were found in both irises.
4.
LA is converted by various lipoxygenases, cyclooxygenases, certain cytochrome P450 enzymes ( the CYP monooxygenases ), and non-enzymatic autooxidation mechanisms to mono-hydroxyl products viz ., 13-Hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid and 9-Hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid; these two hydroxy metabolites are enzymatically oxidized to their keto metabolites, 13-oxo-octadecadienoic acid and 9-oxo-octadecdienoic acid.
5.
9-HODE may be further metabolized to 9-oxo-10 ( " E " ), 12 ( " Z " )-octadecadienoic acid ( 9-oxoODE or 9-oxo-ODE ), possibly by the same hydroxy fatty acid dehydrogenase which metabolizes other hydroxy fatty acids, such as 13-HODE, to their oxo derivatives.
6.
For example, the presence of racemic 9-HODE and 9-EE-HODE mixtures reflects free radical oxidation of linoleic acid whereas the presence of racemic 10-hydroxy-8 " E ", 12 " Z "-octadecadienoic acid and 12-hydroxy-9 " Z "-13-" E "-octadecadienoic acid reflects singlet oxygen attack on linoleic acid.
7.
For example, the presence of racemic 9-HODE and 9-EE-HODE mixtures reflects free radical oxidation of linoleic acid whereas the presence of racemic 10-hydroxy-8 " E ", 12 " Z "-octadecadienoic acid and 12-hydroxy-9 " Z "-13-" E "-octadecadienoic acid reflects singlet oxygen attack on linoleic acid.
8.
OXER1 is known or presumed to bind and thereby be activated by the following endogenous arachidonic acid metabolites; 5-oxo-ETE > 5-oxo-15-hydroxy-ETE > 5-hydroperoxyicosatetraenoic acid ( 5-HpETE ) > 5-HETE > 5, 20-diHETE . OXER1 is also activated by metabolites of other polyunsaturated fatty acids that therefore may be categorized as members of the 5-oxo-ETE family of agonists; these agonists include 5 ( S )-oxo-6E, 8Z, 11Z-eicosatrienoic acid ( a 5-LO metabolite of mead acid ); 5 ( S )-hydroxy-6E, 8Z-octadecadienoic acid and 5 ( S )-oxo-6E, 8Z-octadecadienoic acid ( 5-LO metabolites of sebaleic acid, i . e . 5Z, 8Z-octadecadienoic acid ); and 5 ( S )-hydroxy-6E, 8Z, 11Z, 14Z, 17Z-eicosapentaenoic and 5-oxo-6E, 8Z, 11Z, 14Z, 17Z-eicosapentaenoic acids ( 5-LO metabolites of the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, eicosapentaenoic acid ).
9.
OXER1 is known or presumed to bind and thereby be activated by the following endogenous arachidonic acid metabolites; 5-oxo-ETE > 5-oxo-15-hydroxy-ETE > 5-hydroperoxyicosatetraenoic acid ( 5-HpETE ) > 5-HETE > 5, 20-diHETE . OXER1 is also activated by metabolites of other polyunsaturated fatty acids that therefore may be categorized as members of the 5-oxo-ETE family of agonists; these agonists include 5 ( S )-oxo-6E, 8Z, 11Z-eicosatrienoic acid ( a 5-LO metabolite of mead acid ); 5 ( S )-hydroxy-6E, 8Z-octadecadienoic acid and 5 ( S )-oxo-6E, 8Z-octadecadienoic acid ( 5-LO metabolites of sebaleic acid, i . e . 5Z, 8Z-octadecadienoic acid ); and 5 ( S )-hydroxy-6E, 8Z, 11Z, 14Z, 17Z-eicosapentaenoic and 5-oxo-6E, 8Z, 11Z, 14Z, 17Z-eicosapentaenoic acids ( 5-LO metabolites of the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, eicosapentaenoic acid ).
10.
OXER1 is known or presumed to bind and thereby be activated by the following endogenous arachidonic acid metabolites; 5-oxo-ETE > 5-oxo-15-hydroxy-ETE > 5-hydroperoxyicosatetraenoic acid ( 5-HpETE ) > 5-HETE > 5, 20-diHETE . OXER1 is also activated by metabolites of other polyunsaturated fatty acids that therefore may be categorized as members of the 5-oxo-ETE family of agonists; these agonists include 5 ( S )-oxo-6E, 8Z, 11Z-eicosatrienoic acid ( a 5-LO metabolite of mead acid ); 5 ( S )-hydroxy-6E, 8Z-octadecadienoic acid and 5 ( S )-oxo-6E, 8Z-octadecadienoic acid ( 5-LO metabolites of sebaleic acid, i . e . 5Z, 8Z-octadecadienoic acid ); and 5 ( S )-hydroxy-6E, 8Z, 11Z, 14Z, 17Z-eicosapentaenoic and 5-oxo-6E, 8Z, 11Z, 14Z, 17Z-eicosapentaenoic acids ( 5-LO metabolites of the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, eicosapentaenoic acid ).
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